[ih] A paper {dkim-fail}

[ned+internet-history at mrochek.com]

Life has even earlier claims, I think. There are any number of labeling and
routing mechanisms in cellular metabolism. An especially topical example is the
so-called "S glycoprotein signal peptide", which is used in the BioNTech/Pfizer
Covid-19 Vaccine to route the manufactured modified spike protein to the
endoplasmic reticulum so it can exit the cell and interact with the immune
system. (It's also used by the virus itself to route manufactured viral
particles to that location.)

It seems there multiple ways to code this particular directive. The one used in
the vaccine maximizes the number of Cs and Gs, likely because it is know that
more Cs and Gs the more efficient the conversion.

More at:

  https://berthub.eu/articles/posts/reverse-engineering-source-code-of-the-biontech-pfizer-vaccine/

And if you want the full story (at least the parts we understand), I recommend
Michal and Schomburg's Biochemical Pathways, which has to be seen to be
believed.

				Ned

> Ahah!   So the Ancient Greeks invented Packet Switching, complete with
> headers, but called their packets "scrolls"!

> Errr, hmmm, maybe it was actually the Egyptians, or Assyrians, or ...?  
> And the Greeks simply gave the headers a new name.

> /Jack

> On 7/19/21 4:34 PM, vinton cerf via Internet-history wrote:
> > not so much ancient politics - just that you needed a header (protokollon)
> > on a scroll to know what was in it just like you needed headers on packets
> > to know where they were to go, etc. And both diplomatic and medical
> > protocols were all about the agreements on behaviors, formats for
> > interaction, etc.
> >
> > v
> >
> >
> > On Mon, Jul 19, 2021 at 7:28 PM Jack Haverty via Internet-history <
> > internet-history at elists.isoc.org> wrote:
> >
> >> On 7/18/21 5:17 PM, Darius Kazemi via Internet-history wrote:
> >>> it is interesting to note that the word "protocol"
> >>> literally derives from politics, specifically that of diplomatic
> >> protocol!
> >>
> >> It may be older than that.   I recall at one of the early Internet
> >> meetings, circa 1978, Vint explained to all of us that the "Protocol" in
> >> TCP was descended from the ancient Greek "protokolon", which was the
> >> name of the short section of writing at the beginning of a scroll of
> >> papyrus, containing an explanation of what was in the rest of the scroll
> >> and how it was intended to be used.   So you could find what you wanted
> >> without unrolling the whole scroll.
> >>
> >> So a "protokolon" was essentially a set of rules and information that
> >> allowed someone to use the contents of a papyrus scroll.   Kind of like
> >> how a protocol tells us how to use the bits that follow. The word is
> >> still in some use today - I've seen "protokolon" used in descriptions of
> >> ancient papyrus unearthed by archaeologists that I've stumbled across.
> >> But I don't know if it had anything to do with ancient politics.
> >>
> >> /Jack
> >>
> >>
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> >> https://elists.isoc.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history
> >>


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