From reed at reedmedia.net Wed Feb 2 15:41:01 2022 From: reed at reedmedia.net (Jeremy C. Reed) Date: Wed, 2 Feb 2022 17:41:01 -0600 (CST) Subject: [ih] misc questions about 1970s/1980s contracts and funding Message-ID: I am trying to understand contracts and funding from around 1970s. early 1980's such as from National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DoD) ARPA Order, IBM fellowships, etc. 1) For NSF, what does "MCS" mean? Maybe it is larger project like "Multichannel Seismic"? 2) What do the ending numbers mean for NSF contracts, such as NSF MCS74-07644-A03 versus NSF MCS74-07644-A04? 3) What does it mean when same funding contract number is used for apparently unrelated projects spread out over years? I seem to find a common link of a common PhD/Masters advisor. 4) Why would an ARPA "proposal" have a "DTIC Selected" date stamped on it that is many months after work has already been going on and even after releases? 5) What does it mean when the same "ARPA Order" number is used with different contract or grant numbers? (Like ARPA Order No. 4031 with both N00039-80-K-0649 and N00039-82-C-0235 which appear to be different years too. What does this numbering mean?) 6) Where can I download old NSF proposals, contracts, reports? 7) Where can I download old DoE proposals, contracts, reports? 8) Where can I download old DoD proposals, contracts, reports? I used to be able to download some via http://www.dtic.mil/ 9) Where can I download old ARPA "Order" proposals, contracts, reports? 10) What is an Government "Accession" number and how does it relate to a Report Number? 11) Where can I study more about this? Thanks, Jeremy C. Reed echo Ohl zl obbx uggc://errqzrqvn.arg/obbxf/csfrafr/ | \ tr "Onoqrsuvxzabcefghl" "Babdefhikmnoprstuy" From steve at shinkuro.com Wed Feb 2 16:29:51 2022 From: steve at shinkuro.com (Steve Crocker) Date: Wed, 2 Feb 2022 19:29:51 -0500 Subject: [ih] misc questions about 1970s/1980s contracts and funding In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: I can answer one or two of your questions. N00039-82-C-0235 designates a contract (C) written by one of the U.S. Navy contracting offices (N00039) in fiscal year 1982 (1 Oct 1981 to 30 Sept 1982). 0235 is the sequence number. They start fresh each year. I think N00039 is the Naval Information Warfare Systems Command. I have no idea what K would mean instead of C. I've seen Q for requests for quotations and G for grants. (Apparently G is used for something else these days or maybe it's a broader catch-all.) DARPA, originally called ARPA, is the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. It funds research. When ARPA was created, it was given authority to spend money and initiate research, but the agency did not have a contracting office. This was a feature, not a bug. Instead, it was given authority to use any of the contracting offices in other agencies throughout the government. To initiate (or extend) funding of a research activity, DARPA sends money to the agency that will write the contract. It uses a document unique to DARPA to forward the funds and specify who will be doing the research. The document is called an ARPA Order. These have short numbers with no substructure. (Or, at least they did when I worked there many years ago.) It is entirely possible for a single ARPA Order to cause the creation of multiple contracts. As far as actually getting hold of any of these documents, that's another matter. Some are in the National Archives, but an awful lot is not. Steve On Wed, Feb 2, 2022 at 6:41 PM Jeremy C. Reed via Internet-history < internet-history at elists.isoc.org> wrote: > I am trying to understand contracts and funding from around 1970s. early > 1980's such as from National Science Foundation, U.S. Department > of Energy, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DoD) ARPA Order, > IBM fellowships, etc. > > 1) For NSF, what does "MCS" mean? Maybe it is larger project like > "Multichannel Seismic"? > > 2) What do the ending numbers mean for NSF contracts, such as > NSF MCS74-07644-A03 versus NSF MCS74-07644-A04? > > 3) What does it mean when same funding contract number is used for > apparently unrelated projects spread out over years? I seem to find a > common link of a common PhD/Masters advisor. > > 4) Why would an ARPA "proposal" have a "DTIC Selected" date > stamped on it that is many months after work has already been > going on and even after releases? > > 5) What does it mean when the same "ARPA Order" number is used with > different contract or grant numbers? (Like ARPA Order No. 4031 with both > N00039-80-K-0649 and N00039-82-C-0235 which appear to be different > years too. What does this numbering mean?) > > 6) Where can I download old NSF proposals, contracts, reports? > > 7) Where can I download old DoE proposals, contracts, reports? > > 8) Where can I download old DoD proposals, contracts, reports? > I used to be able to download some via http://www.dtic.mil/ > > 9) Where can I download old ARPA "Order" proposals, contracts, reports? > > 10) What is an Government "Accession" number and how does it relate to a > Report Number? > > 11) Where can I study more about this? > > Thanks, > > Jeremy C. Reed > > echo Ohl zl obbx uggc://errqzrqvn.arg/obbxf/csfrafr/ | \ > tr "Onoqrsuvxzabcefghl" "Babdefhikmnoprstuy" > -- > Internet-history mailing list > Internet-history at elists.isoc.org > https://elists.isoc.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history > From touch at strayalpha.com Wed Feb 2 21:15:06 2022 From: touch at strayalpha.com (touch at strayalpha.com) Date: Wed, 2 Feb 2022 21:15:06 -0800 Subject: [ih] misc questions about 1970s/1980s contracts and funding In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: Speaking from experience as an NSF/DARPA/etc PI: For all the questions, notably #11: A lot of what you?re asking covered by government contract and procurement rules. This is a specialized area of business operations and law, often coordinated by contract managers at organizations that submit proposals to these gov't entities. Business schools offer classes and there are books in this area, but a lot of what you need to know is buried in government regulations that are specific to each organization or government-wide (e.g., the Federal Acquisition Rules, or FAR). For questions #7-10: Proposals are not publicly available, nor are contracts; they are typically considered ?proprietary?. Research results and some reports may be publicly available, e.g., via DTIC or the funding agency?s site, or may be published in journals, conference proceedings, etc. that are open to the public (but may involve access fees). For question #4:" DTIC Selected" means that the results or data of a project have been selected for DTIC archive, either as offered in the original project proposal or by request of the project manager or PI. Joe ? Joe Touch, temporal epistemologist www.strayalpha.com > On Feb 2, 2022, at 3:41 PM, Jeremy C. Reed via Internet-history wrote: > > I am trying to understand contracts and funding from around 1970s. early > 1980's such as from National Science Foundation, U.S. Department > of Energy, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DoD) ARPA Order, > IBM fellowships, etc. > > 1) For NSF, what does "MCS" mean? Maybe it is larger project like > "Multichannel Seismic"? > > 2) What do the ending numbers mean for NSF contracts, such as > NSF MCS74-07644-A03 versus NSF MCS74-07644-A04? > > 3) What does it mean when same funding contract number is used for > apparently unrelated projects spread out over years? I seem to find a > common link of a common PhD/Masters advisor. > > 4) Why would an ARPA "proposal" have a "DTIC Selected" date > stamped on it that is many months after work has already been > going on and even after releases? > > 5) What does it mean when the same "ARPA Order" number is used with > different contract or grant numbers? (Like ARPA Order No. 4031 with both > N00039-80-K-0649 and N00039-82-C-0235 which appear to be different > years too. What does this numbering mean?) > > 6) Where can I download old NSF proposals, contracts, reports? > > 7) Where can I download old DoE proposals, contracts, reports? > > 8) Where can I download old DoD proposals, contracts, reports? > I used to be able to download some via http://www.dtic.mil/ > > 9) Where can I download old ARPA "Order" proposals, contracts, reports? > > 10) What is an Government "Accession" number and how does it relate to a > Report Number? > > 11) Where can I study more about this? > > Thanks, > > Jeremy C. Reed > > echo Ohl zl obbx uggc://errqzrqvn.arg/obbxf/csfrafr/ | \ > tr "Onoqrsuvxzabcefghl" "Babdefhikmnoprstuy" > -- > Internet-history mailing list > Internet-history at elists.isoc.org > https://elists.isoc.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history From mfidelman at meetinghouse.net Thu Feb 3 06:24:54 2022 From: mfidelman at meetinghouse.net (Miles Fidelman) Date: Thu, 3 Feb 2022 09:24:54 -0500 Subject: [ih] misc questions about 1970s/1980s contracts and funding In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <65462fdb-a597-f6af-7206-d9d7bd2a6f3f@meetinghouse.net> touch--- via Internet-history wrote: > Speaking from experience as an NSF/DARPA/etc PI: > > For all the questions, notably #11: A lot of what you?re asking covered by government contract and procurement rules. This is a specialized area of business operations and law, often coordinated by contract managers at organizations that submit proposals to these gov't entities. Business schools offer classes and there are books in this area, but a lot of what you need to know is buried in government regulations that are specific to each organization or government-wide (e.g., the Federal Acquisition Rules, or FAR). For DARPA, and the rest of DoD (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Defense Agencies, ...) - the DFARS are the key rules.? Great fun. Miles Fidelman -- In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. In practice, there is. .... Yogi Berra Theory is when you know everything but nothing works. Practice is when everything works but no one knows why. In our lab, theory and practice are combined: nothing works and no one knows why. ... unknown From karl at cavebear.com Thu Feb 3 15:00:10 2022 From: karl at cavebear.com (Karl Auerbach) Date: Thu, 3 Feb 2022 15:00:10 -0800 Subject: [ih] misc questions about 1970s/1980s contracts and funding In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <8d6c6592-11ce-454b-7e48-6d0d6f29f638@cavebear.com> On 2/2/22 3:41 PM, Jeremy C. Reed via Internet-history wrote: > I am trying to understand contracts and funding from around 1970s. early > 1980's such as from National Science Foundation, U.S. Department > of Energy, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DoD) ARPA Order, > IBM fellowships, etc. I'm not at all sure that my comment below is relevant to your query or not... But the point I try to make below is that sometimes funding sources were obfuscated, intentionally. When we were working at SDC during the 1970's (I was in Clark Weissman's security department) we got funded from several sources for network stuff. Most was not classified, some was. The dividing lines were vague and quite subjective (and this was in an era when the cold war was glowing with heat.) We worked on lots of contracts, mostly various US agencies ranging from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to ... well ... lots of groups associated with US security (even now, all these decades later I still feel the lash that would come from mentioning their names, much less the specific projects.) Also with RSRE in the UK (that was fun - got to work with Donald Davies for little bit.) On a big multi-level security contract (both for operating systems and networking) I never saw the actual paperwork but I did see the bill-of-lading stickers on the equipment I was buying. (I bought a many truckloads of PDP-11s of various sizes.) The real customer for whom we were working was not listed on the labels (they kinda liked to keep quiet about their three letter acronym in northern Maryland.) Rather everything was marked as coming from the US Army. And even I knew that we weren't working for the Army. --karl-- From salo at saloits.com Thu Feb 3 17:48:01 2022 From: salo at saloits.com (Timothy J. Salo) Date: Thu, 3 Feb 2022 19:48:01 -0600 Subject: [ih] misc questions about 1970s/1980s contracts and funding In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <886b2236-6750-3b7d-9bdf-5147814386f3@saloits.com> > For questions #7-10: Proposals are not publicly available, > nor are contracts; they are typically considered ?proprietary?. > Research results and some reports may be publicly available, > e.g., via DTIC or the funding agency?s site, or may be published > in journals, conference proceedings, etc. that are open to the > public (but may involve access fees). Generally, proposals to a federal agency are subject Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, once a contract has been signed between the proposer and the agency. See: "FOIA Update, Vol. XVIII, No. 1, 1997" U.S. Department of Justice I believe that most of the narrative part of a proposal can be obtained with a FOIA request (after the contract has been signed). A proposer can usually mark most or all of the narrative part of a proposal as proprietary, but I don't believe that these marking will prevent the disclosure of the material, beyond the exceptions for trade secrets and proprietary information contained in the FOIA. I believe that financial information is pretty much always considered proprietary without much debate (although I have never been involved in these discussions). The Department of Justice later wrote ("FOIA Update, Vol. II, No. 2, 1981"): The prices in government contracts should not be secret. Government contracts are "public contracts," and the taxpayers have a right to know--with very few exceptions--what the government has agreed to buy and at what prices. Most knowledgeable students of American history, law, and government would agree. Public access to public contracts was well established before FOIA, and FOIA was hardly intended to promote secrecy in such matters. I'm pretty sure that "prices" does not include detailed financial information about how the proposer calculated those prices (e.g., internal cost information). But the cost to the Government should be available. So, if one is interested, I think that one should be able to obtain most of the interesting parts of a proposal submitted to a Federal agency that resulted in a contract with a FOIA request. I think that one may also be able to obtain the interesting parts of a Federal contract with a FOIA request. This should certainly include the total cost of the contract. It think that the statement of work should also be available. (I have seen proposal instructions that permitted a proposer to mark all of the proposal as proprietary, except for the proposed statement of work, which for that agency, was the basis of the statement of work in the contract. But again, marking material as proprietary does not, in and of itself, prevent FOIA disclosure.) Many agencies have information about making FOIA requests on their websites. I have heard that there are firms in D.C. that specialize in making these sorts of FOIA requests, which permits the requester to remain anonymous, but I have never had any contact these sorts of firms. -tjs From touch at strayalpha.com Thu Feb 3 18:12:48 2022 From: touch at strayalpha.com (touch at strayalpha.com) Date: Thu, 3 Feb 2022 18:12:48 -0800 Subject: [ih] misc questions about 1970s/1980s contracts and funding In-Reply-To: <886b2236-6750-3b7d-9bdf-5147814386f3@saloits.com> References: <886b2236-6750-3b7d-9bdf-5147814386f3@saloits.com> Message-ID: FWIW: - proposals not funded are excluded, AFAICT - proposal narrative that isn?t cited in the SOW by inclusion is excluded, AFAICT So yeah, you might get SOME of the information. But I recall that all our proposals were always marked ?USC proprietary? throughout and we checked to make sure none of the conditions for release of the ?idea? part applied. YMMV. Joe ? Joe Touch, temporal epistemologist www.strayalpha.com > On Feb 3, 2022, at 5:48 PM, Timothy J. Salo via Internet-history wrote: > >> For questions #7-10: Proposals are not publicly available, >> nor are contracts; they are typically considered ?proprietary?. >> Research results and some reports may be publicly available, >> e.g., via DTIC or the funding agency?s site, or may be published >> in journals, conference proceedings, etc. that are open to the >> public (but may involve access fees). > > Generally, proposals to a federal agency are subject Freedom of > Information Act (FOIA) requests, once a contract has been signed > between the proposer and the agency. See: > > "FOIA Update, Vol. XVIII, No. 1, 1997" U.S. Department of Justice > > > I believe that most of the narrative part of a proposal can be > obtained with a FOIA request (after the contract has been signed). > A proposer can usually mark most or all of the narrative part of > a proposal as proprietary, but I don't believe that these marking > will prevent the disclosure of the material, beyond the exceptions > for trade secrets and proprietary information contained in the FOIA. > I believe that financial information is pretty much always considered > proprietary without much debate (although I have never been > involved in these discussions). > > The Department of Justice later wrote ("FOIA Update, Vol. II, > No. 2, 1981"): > > The prices in government contracts should not be secret. Government > contracts are "public contracts," and the taxpayers have a right to > know--with very few exceptions--what the government has agreed to buy > and at what prices. Most knowledgeable students of American history, > law, and government would agree. Public access to public contracts was > well established before FOIA, and FOIA was hardly intended to promote > secrecy in such matters. > > > > I'm pretty sure that "prices" does not include detailed financial > information about how the proposer calculated those prices (e.g., > internal cost information). But the cost to the Government should > be available. > > So, if one is interested, I think that one should be able to obtain > most of the interesting parts of a proposal submitted to a Federal > agency that resulted in a contract with a FOIA request. > > I think that one may also be able to obtain the interesting parts > of a Federal contract with a FOIA request. This should certainly > include the total cost of the contract. It think that the > statement of work should also be available. (I have seen proposal > instructions that permitted a proposer to mark all of the proposal > as proprietary, except for the proposed statement of work, which > for that agency, was the basis of the statement of work in the > contract. But again, marking material as proprietary does not, > in and of itself, prevent FOIA disclosure.) > > Many agencies have information about making FOIA requests on their > websites. > > I have heard that there are firms in D.C. that specialize in making > these sorts of FOIA requests, which permits the requester to > remain anonymous, but I have never had any contact these sorts > of firms. > > -tjs > -- > Internet-history mailing list > Internet-history at elists.isoc.org > https://elists.isoc.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history From b_a_denny at yahoo.com Fri Feb 4 12:22:39 2022 From: b_a_denny at yahoo.com (Barbara Denny) Date: Fri, 4 Feb 2022 20:22:39 +0000 (UTC) Subject: [ih] misc questions about 1970s/1980s contracts and funding In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <699832575.297229.1644006159829@mail.yahoo.com> I am not familiar with the contract side of the work.? At least at SRI, we had people whose job was devoted to this and I only occasionally interacted with them. I do have a memory of something that you might find useful for question #3. I believe SRI had something that might have been called a Task Order(ing)? Agreement at one point.? I think it was with the Army (CECOM), and it may have provided a way to perform work without having to write a full proposal every time.? I think the actual contract had a fixed duration and a funding ceiling.? There was no obligation on the part of the military/government.? ?I don't remember the mechanism well enough but I think we just had to provide a statement of work and cost, and they would decide whether to approve/accept it. I don't know if there were any restrictions regarding the subject matter. My memory is very foggy and spotty on this topic. barbara On Wednesday, February 2, 2022, 03:41:17 PM PST, Jeremy C. Reed via Internet-history wrote: I am trying to understand contracts and funding from around 1970s. early 1980's such as from National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DoD) ARPA Order, IBM fellowships, etc. 1) For NSF, what does "MCS" mean? Maybe it is larger project like "Multichannel Seismic"? 2) What do the ending numbers mean for NSF contracts, such as NSF MCS74-07644-A03 versus NSF MCS74-07644-A04? 3) What does it mean when same funding contract number is used for apparently unrelated projects spread out over years?? I seem to find a common link of a common PhD/Masters advisor. 4) Why would an ARPA "proposal" have a "DTIC Selected" date stamped on it that is many months after work has already been going on and even after releases? 5) What does it mean when the same "ARPA Order" number is used with different contract or grant numbers? (Like ARPA Order No. 4031 with both N00039-80-K-0649 and N00039-82-C-0235 which appear to be different years too. What does this numbering mean?) 6) Where can I download old NSF proposals, contracts, reports? 7) Where can I download old DoE proposals, contracts, reports? 8) Where can I download old DoD proposals, contracts, reports? I used to be able to download some via http://www.dtic.mil/ 9) Where can I download old ARPA "Order" proposals, contracts, reports? 10) What is an Government "Accession" number and how does it relate to a Report Number? 11) Where can I study more about this? Thanks, Jeremy C. Reed echo Ohl zl obbx uggc://errqzrqvn.arg/obbxf/csfrafr/ | \ tr "Onoqrsuvxzabcefghl" "Babdefhikmnoprstuy" -- Internet-history mailing list Internet-history at elists.isoc.org https://elists.isoc.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history From b_a_denny at yahoo.com Fri Feb 4 16:14:20 2022 From: b_a_denny at yahoo.com (Barbara Denny) Date: Sat, 5 Feb 2022 00:14:20 +0000 (UTC) Subject: [ih] misc questions about 1970s/1980s contracts and funding In-Reply-To: <699832575.297229.1644006159829@mail.yahoo.com> References: <699832575.297229.1644006159829@mail.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <2042222230.375543.1644020060390@mail.yahoo.com> I should have mentioned a schedule as part of what we needed to provide.? I can't remember any effort where that wasn't included. I can understand not having access to the proposals that weren't awarded. I can't even suggest a time after submission where it might be okay to release the proposal information without approval of the parties involved. barbara On Friday, February 4, 2022, 12:22:52 PM PST, Barbara Denny via Internet-history wrote: I am not familiar with the contract side of the work.? At least at SRI, we had people whose job was devoted to this and I only occasionally interacted with them. I do have a memory of something that you might find useful for question #3. I believe SRI had something that might have been called a Task Order(ing)? Agreement at one point.? I think it was with the Army (CECOM), and it may have provided a way to perform work without having to write a full proposal every time.? I think the actual contract had a fixed duration and a funding ceiling.? There was no obligation on the part of the military/government.? ?I don't remember the mechanism well enough but I think we just had to provide a statement of work and cost, and they would decide whether to approve/accept it. I don't know if there were any restrictions regarding the subject matter. My memory is very foggy and spotty on this topic. barbara ? ? On Wednesday, February 2, 2022, 03:41:17 PM PST, Jeremy C. Reed via Internet-history wrote:? I am trying to understand contracts and funding from around 1970s. early 1980's such as from National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DoD) ARPA Order, IBM fellowships, etc. 1) For NSF, what does "MCS" mean? Maybe it is larger project like "Multichannel Seismic"? 2) What do the ending numbers mean for NSF contracts, such as NSF MCS74-07644-A03 versus NSF MCS74-07644-A04? 3) What does it mean when same funding contract number is used for apparently unrelated projects spread out over years?? I seem to find a common link of a common PhD/Masters advisor. 4) Why would an ARPA "proposal" have a "DTIC Selected" date stamped on it that is many months after work has already been going on and even after releases? 5) What does it mean when the same "ARPA Order" number is used with different contract or grant numbers? (Like ARPA Order No. 4031 with both N00039-80-K-0649 and N00039-82-C-0235 which appear to be different years too. What does this numbering mean?) 6) Where can I download old NSF proposals, contracts, reports? 7) Where can I download old DoE proposals, contracts, reports? 8) Where can I download old DoD proposals, contracts, reports? I used to be able to download some via http://www.dtic.mil/ 9) Where can I download old ARPA "Order" proposals, contracts, reports? 10) What is an Government "Accession" number and how does it relate to a Report Number? 11) Where can I study more about this? Thanks, Jeremy C. Reed echo Ohl zl obbx uggc://errqzrqvn.arg/obbxf/csfrafr/ | \ tr "Onoqrsuvxzabcefghl" "Babdefhikmnoprstuy" -- Internet-history mailing list Internet-history at elists.isoc.org https://elists.isoc.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history ? -- Internet-history mailing list Internet-history at elists.isoc.org https://elists.isoc.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history From touch at strayalpha.com Fri Feb 4 17:52:31 2022 From: touch at strayalpha.com (touch at strayalpha.com) Date: Fri, 4 Feb 2022 17:52:31 -0800 Subject: [ih] misc questions about 1970s/1980s contracts and funding In-Reply-To: <699832575.297229.1644006159829@mail.yahoo.com> References: <699832575.297229.1644006159829@mail.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <8C9C71D9-5350-49D6-BBD3-0FA2E9BD02C0@strayalpha.com> Some other points worth noting, mostly from experience (so YMMV): - putting multiple tasks under one contract is quite common - sometimes because that?s how the contract was intended (a ?blanket? that included options for future work) - sometimes because it?s expedient to add-on an existing contract rather than spin up a new one (contracts take quite a long time to setup) - as is putting one project under multiple tasks, sometimes from multiple agencies - that?s how 10-year projects are supported with 2-3 yr grants/contracts Note also the difference between a grant and a contract, and different kinds of contracts (firm fixed price, cost reimbursement, etc). - grants have reports, but are not typically contingent on deliverables - some contracts can be extended in only limited ways e.g., DARPA contracts to universities often must follow the RFP (BAA) posting ?split?; if a BAA asks for proposals with a 2-year base and 2 possibly concurrent option followons, then that?s all DARPA can do. They can?t turn around and say ?oh, I really want this option of A and that option of B but neither base? i.e., as they say in the restaurant business, ?no substitutions, only omissions as indicated? i.e., that?s a lot of the reason why research contracts might not have public proposals available; the proposal is often more like a reason to give the contract/grant, but the *actual* contract/grant is often much less interesting than expected. In many contracts, only the actual statement of work, list of deliverables, and agreements (e.g., copyright, patent rights, data rites, data escrow) are the thing that you might end up seeing. There are some websites with ?gov contracts overviews?, FWIW. Joe ? Joe Touch, temporal epistemologist www.strayalpha.com From brian.e.carpenter at gmail.com Thu Feb 24 12:44:20 2022 From: brian.e.carpenter at gmail.com (Brian E Carpenter) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 2022 09:44:20 +1300 Subject: [ih] SEMINAR: Ulrich Speidel: What happened to Tonga's Internet after the volcanic eruption? Insights and lessons from the last five weeks. In-Reply-To: <248048df-704f-b417-f578-0bb4cd9ac384@auckland.ac.nz> References: <248048df-704f-b417-f578-0bb4cd9ac384@auckland.ac.nz> Message-ID: <0538387f-659c-b638-6f28-3d0951a35811@gmail.com> Some quite recent history that might interest people: -------- Forwarded Message -------- Subject: [Computer Science Staff] SEMINAR: Ulrich Speidel: What happened to Tonga's Internet after the volcanic eruption? Insights and lessons from the last five weeks. Date: Thu, 24 Feb 2022 23:15:28 +1300 From: Ulrich Speidel Reply-To: Ulrich Speidel To: "undisclosed-recipients:"@sympa.auckland.ac.nz Thanks to everyone who attended today's seminar, especially also to those who added their comments. The slides are here: https://sde.blogs.auckland.ac.nz/2022/02/24/seminar-slides-24-february-2022/ The video recording is here: ??? https://youtu.be/uZYabj9zzOI -- **************************************************************** Dr. Ulrich Speidel School of Computer Science Room 303S.594 (City Campus) The University of Auckland u.speidel at auckland.ac.nz http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~ulrich/ ****************************************************************