<div dir="ltr">I'm sorry, but my immediate reaction is that by this logic, the airplane was not an innovation because, when the Wright brothers invented it, they created a device that, using modest horsepower, could move a single human being a short distance and since they already sold bicycles (which achieve similar goals), they hadn't innovated. That said, thank you for the pointers -- I'll go do some reading and see if I'm converted to your point of view.<br><br>Craig</div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jul 4, 2018 at 1:23 PM, Richard Bennett <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:richard@bennett.com" target="_blank">richard@bennett.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space">With the iPod, Apple sold people on carrying a highly portable computer around with them everywhere they went. It had a screen, a UI, and an earpiece and the ability to run a very limited set of programs. It also had a rudimentary networking capability, limited to short periods of connection via USB. <div><br></div><div>iPod became iPhone with the addition of a microphone, a radio, and a somewhat more capable operating system. With the expansion of iTunes to include apps, you got the whole banana.<div><br></div><div>The iPhone was therefore an incremental enhancement of two of Apple’s existing products, a portable one and a network-based feeder system. It’s hard to see two dudes in a garage pulling something like this off. </div><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><div><br></div></font></span><div><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888">RB</font></span><div><div class="h5"><br><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On Jul 3, 2018, at 9:29 PM, Dave Crocker <<a href="mailto:dhc2@dcrocker.net" target="_blank">dhc2@dcrocker.net</a>> wrote:</div><br class="m_-220640618318263197Apple-interchange-newline"><div><div><br><blockquote type="cite">The research on innovation very clearly shows that significant, game <br>changing inventions almost always come from big companies. The myth of <br>two dudes in a garage ignores the fact that it takes big money to take <br>big risks.<br><br>Apple succeeded with the iPhone while Handspring and Nokia failed in <br>large part because of the music infrastructure the company had built <br>around the iPod, another second or third mover that succeeded where more <br>ad hoc MP3 players had failed.<br></blockquote><br><br>This casts things as either or, which is in line with how the thread has <br>gone, but probably misses a basic distinction, namely basic innovation <br>from what I'll call scaling innovation.<br><br>Creation of the basic capability versus delivering a version of the <br>capability that gains widespread success. The latter is not a 'mere'.<br><br>Being able to get the balance of features, costs, marketing and sales <br>choices just right is, obviously, not obvious. But it is quite <br>different from what we often call 'technological breakthrough'.<br><br>d/<br>-- <br>Dave Crocker<br>Brandenburg InternetWorking<br><a href="http://bbiw.net" target="_blank">bbiw.net</a><br>_______<br>internet-history mailing list<br><a href="mailto:internet-history@postel.org" target="_blank">internet-history@postel.org</a><br><a href="http://mailman.postel.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history" target="_blank">http://mailman.postel.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/internet-<wbr>history</a><br>Contact <a href="mailto:list-owner@postel.org" target="_blank">list-owner@postel.org</a> for assistance.<br></div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div><span class=""><div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">—<br><div style="word-wrap:break-word">Richard Bennett<br><a href="http://hightechforum.org" target="_blank">High Tech Forum</a> Founder</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word">Ethernet & Wi-Fi standards co-creator</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><br></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word">Internet Policy Consultant</div></div></div>
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