<div dir="ltr">1. the internal satellite link that connected the US to Norway was a shared 9.6 kib/s link. ARPANET and the NORSAR/SEISMO systems shared that channel. I don't think that ever got higher until it was retired and replaced in 1982 when Europe was forced to go over TCP/IP on the shared SATNET 64 kb/s link (later expanded to 128kb/s). The rest of the ARPANET hosts ran a mix of NCP and TCP until January 1, 1983 when almost all hosts switched to TCP/IP. There were a couple of exceptions that were given a few months' reprieve.<div><br></div><div>2. The ARPANET leased lines were 50 kb/s until they were replaced by 64 kb/s DS0's except that 1 bit of 8 was taken as a framing bit, which stole 8 kb/s from 64 leaving 56 kb/s for data carrying in the US. </div><div><br></div><div>at least that is what I seem to remember.</div><div><br></div><div>v</div><div><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 2:46 PM, Brian E Carpenter <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com" target="_blank">brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class="">On 19/01/2017 04:21, Craig Partridge wrote:<br>
> Andy's recollection that stuff was 56 Kbps later on matches my recollection<br>
> when I came on board in '83.<br>
><br>
> One thing is I don't remember what the bandwidth was on the satellite links<br>
> to England. My recollection is it was<br>
> higher than 9.6Kbps but there was some oddity in integrating European and<br>
> US telecom standards such that the bandwidth was different. But this could<br>
> be entirely wrong -- alas the ARPANET maps don't tell me the data rates.<br>
<br>
</span>Google for Peter Kirstein's paper "Early Experiences with the ARPANET and INTERNET in the UK"<br>
<br>
It was 9.6 between London and Norway and then 9.6 between Norway and the USA.<br>
<br>
9.6 was the lowest common denominator; the US 56k standard was different from<br>
the CCITT 64k standard used in Europe. Just as the US T1 1.5M standard was different<br>
from the CCITT E1 2M standard some years later. This was a pain in the neck for<br>
early transatlantic links above 9.6 (or posibly 19.2). But I suspect that in 1973<br>
the main issue was cost.<br>
<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br>
Brian<br>
</font></span><div class="HOEnZb"><div class="h5"><br>
><br>
> Thanks!<br>
><br>
> Craig<br>
><br>
> On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 9:59 AM, Andrew G. Malis <<a href="mailto:agmalis@gmail.com">agmalis@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
>> By the time I came on board in '79, almost all of the links were 56 Kbps,<br>
>> with a few 9.6 Kbps links here and there. The 50 Kbps links had been<br>
>> replaced by that point.<br>
>><br>
>> Cheers,<br>
>> Andy<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 9:29 AM, Noel Chiappa <<a href="mailto:jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu">jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu</a>><br>
>> wrote:<br>
>><br>
>>> > From: Paul Ruizendaal<br>
>>><br>
>>> > - if the modem from the IMP to the Bell System was analog, the best<br>
>>> > technology of the time was perhaps 2.4kb/s ... a speed of 50kb/s is<br>
>>> not<br>
>>> > a multiple of 2.4kb/s, and it would have required 21 parallel lines<br>
>>><br>
>>> If you read the 303 manual, it's clear that i) the signal between a pair<br>
>>> of<br>
>>> 303 modems was analog, not digital, and ii) there was a single line, with<br>
>>> a<br>
>>> wide enough bandpass to carry signals of high enough frequency to carry<br>
>>> that<br>
>>> bit rate - it didn't glue together a bunch of slower lines.<br>
>>><br>
>>> > if the modem from the IMP to the Bell System was digital, it would<br>
>>> most<br>
>>> > likely have used a single channel of a T1 connection<br>
>>><br>
>>> The whole T hierarchy was just getting started then (initial deployment<br>
>>> in the<br>
>>> early 1960s), and I'm not sure if it was deployed widely enough to have<br>
>>> made<br>
>>> it possible to lease a T1 line from one coast to another.<br>
>>><br>
>>> Also, many of these lines would have crossed non-AT+T local phone<br>
>>> companies<br>
>>> (the Bell System did not control all of the US phone system, although some<br>
>>> people don't realize that). The "History of the ARPANET: The First Decade"<br>
>>> (which I have previously pointed you at on another list), pg. III-32, says<br>
>>> "In the case of a circuit from UCLA to RAND ... the service would be<br>
>>> procured<br>
>>> from General Telephone" - GT was the largest independent telephone<br>
>>> company in<br>
>>> the US at that point. It's not clear that those local carriers would have<br>
>>> supported T1.<br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>> Moral of the story: when doing history, it's bad to make assumptions about<br>
>>> what was and wasn't possible, and about what did and did not happen. Find<br>
>>> contemporary documentation.<br>
>>><br>
>>> Noel<br>
>>> _______<br>
>>> internet-history mailing list<br>
>>> <a href="mailto:internet-history@postel.org">internet-history@postel.org</a><br>
>>> <a href="http://mailman.postel.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://mailman.postel.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/internet-<wbr>history</a><br>
>>> Contact <a href="mailto:list-owner@postel.org">list-owner@postel.org</a> for assistance.<br>
>>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> _______<br>
>> internet-history mailing list<br>
>> <a href="mailto:internet-history@postel.org">internet-history@postel.org</a><br>
>> <a href="http://mailman.postel.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://mailman.postel.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/internet-<wbr>history</a><br>
>> Contact <a href="mailto:list-owner@postel.org">list-owner@postel.org</a> for assistance.<br>
>><br>
>><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> _______<br>
> internet-history mailing list<br>
> <a href="mailto:internet-history@postel.org">internet-history@postel.org</a><br>
> <a href="http://mailman.postel.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://mailman.postel.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/internet-<wbr>history</a><br>
> Contact <a href="mailto:list-owner@postel.org">list-owner@postel.org</a> for assistance.<br>
><br>
_______<br>
internet-history mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:internet-history@postel.org">internet-history@postel.org</a><br>
<a href="http://mailman.postel.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://mailman.postel.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/internet-<wbr>history</a><br>
Contact <a href="mailto:list-owner@postel.org">list-owner@postel.org</a> for assistance.<br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr">New postal address:<div>Google<br><div>1875 Explorer Street, 10th Floor</div><div>Reston, VA 20190</div></div></div></div>
</div>