<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br clear="all"></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">A new article on email replacements notes the protocol's resiliency, and quotes Zittrain: <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18.2px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18.2px">“Email is the last great unowned technology,” said the Harvard law professor Jonathan Zittrain in an episode of the podcast</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18.2px"> </span><a href="http://codebreaker.codes/" target="_blank" style="font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18.2px">Codebreaker</a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18.2px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18.2px">in November, “and by unowned, I mean there is no CEO of email... it’s just a shared hallucination that works.”</span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18.2px"><br></span></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">There is a potted history included:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style=""><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/what-comes-after-email/422625/">http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/what-comes-after-email/422625/</a><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><div dir="ltr">The computer engineer Raymond Tomlinson sent the first email in 1971. He can’t remember what it said, but people keep asking him anyway. “It was completely ephemeral, so any trace of it is gone,” he said. “There may be a machine that has some memory that was hooked up at the time, but you’d never be able to find it.”</div><div dir="ltr">Back then, Tomlinson was developing applications and protocols for the ARPANET, the early network that today’s Internet is based on.<a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/what-comes-after-email/422625/#footnote" style="color:rgb(204,102,51);text-decoration:none;font-weight:bold">*</a> (Today, he’s a principal scientist at BBN Technologies, a research and development arm of the defense giant Raytheon.) In 1971, the idea that anyone other than Tomlinson’s coworkers would want to use email was out of the question. “The computer was not personal,” Tomlinson said. “It was time-shared amongst several dozen users. Most computers were quite expensive—tens if not hundreds of thousands of dollars.”</div><br><div dir="ltr">Email arrived at a time before mobile phones, when it was much harder to reach someone who wasn’t right there with you. “Getting ahold of people, especially those in other time zones, was very difficult,” Tomlinson said. “If they didn't answer the telephone, if you were lucky, maybe they had a secretary—or an answering service if they were really important.”</div><div dir="ltr">In building apps for the ARPANET, Tomlinson and his colleagues had talked about some sort of mailbox protocol. One idea was to establish numbered electronic mailboxes so that messages could be printed out then hand-delivered to cubbies with the corresponding numbers. “I looked at that and said, ‘Well, it’s an interesting idea, but it’s way too complicated,’” Tomlinson told me. A simpler method, he thought, would be address messages to individuals. Though the goal was to be able to communicate with engineers working on the ARPANET at other universities, the first email Tomlinson sent was from one computer to another, both standing “literally side by side” in a Cambridge, Massachusetts, lab.</div><div dir="ltr">Between the roar of the computers and the whir of the air conditioner required to cool them down, the room was noisy. And the machine Tomlinson used to hit send barely resembled today’s computers. “Brace yourself for a sharp turn,” Tomlinson told me, “There was no monitor.”</div><div dir="ltr">Instead, he used a beige terminal the size of a large typewriter, without a mouse or trackpad, for inputting instructions. The terminal itself was something like a Teletype Model 33 KSR, and it was hooked up to a printer that spit out 10 characters per second, all capital letters.</div><div dir="ltr">Which means: The first email had to be printed out in order to be read.</div><div dir="ltr">Tomlinson’s the one who selected the @ symbol for email addresses, and it stuck—despite a brief period in the 1980s when some service providers experimented with exclamation points and percent signs instead.</div><div style="text-align:center">In the early days, checking email required a person to log onto a computer and use the keyboard to enter a “type mailbox” command. “The mailbox was just a file and the type command typed the contents of the file onto the paper in the terminal,” Tomlinson said. “Some systems would check the user’s mailbox after they logged in, and if it was not empty, a message like, ‘YOU HAVE MAIL,’ would be printed.” A separate program had to be used to compose outgoing messages, before inbox-outbox functionalities were eventually integrated. “By the end of the 1970s, most of the features of email we take for granted were present,” Tomlinson said. </div><div dir="ltr">At first, email was useful, but it wasn’t widely used—it would be decades before electronic mail entered the mainstream. In the 1980s, early adopters flocked to networked services like CompuServe and Prodigy, both of which offered email access, though not necessarily as a central feature. Tim Berners-Lee outlined his idea for the World Wide Web in 1989 at a time when most adults in the United States didn’t own a personal computer. That quickly changed.</div><div class="" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:20.8px"><div class="" id="tt-wrappere4766fc" style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;min-width:230px;overflow:hidden;padding-right:330px;text-align:center;width:582.797px;height:auto!important"><div class="" id="tt-containere4766fc"><div id="tt-mutee4766fc" style="color:white;font-family:Calibri,Candara,Segoe,Optima,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.4em;font-weight:bold;height:42px;line-height:42px;width:42px;background:url("//cdn.teads.tv/content/vpaid/assets/player_sound_off_rolloff.png") 50% 50% no-repeat"> </div><div class="" id="tt-playere4766fc"><div class=""><span class=""></span><span class=""></span></div></div><div class="" id="tt-controlse4766fc"></div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr">By 1995, about one-third of Americans owned computers and 14 percent of them reported having a home Internet connection—mostly sluggish dial-up. As Internet adoption steadily climbed, email became its cultural touchstone, and the inbox became a phenomenon. “If you don’t have an Internet address,” a then-37-year-old New Jersey man <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/19/business/getting-down-to-business-on-the-net.html?pagewanted=4" style="color:rgb(204,102,51);text-decoration:none;font-weight:bold">told <em>The New York Times</em></a> in 1994, referring to email, “it marks you as a nobody, as someone who’s over 40. It’s reaching the point that you get socially ostracized.”</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">America Online, the company that helped millions of Americans explore the web for the first time, was built around the experience of checking mail. Which meant that for millions of people, the experience of going online, from the very beginning, was fundamentally about checking your email. By 1997, electronic mail crept into workplaces and across college campuses. Email became a central plot device in the romantic comedy “You’ve Got Mail” in 1998, and was the subject of the Britney Spears song “Email My Heart” in 1999.</div></div><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div>---------------------------------------------------------------<br><span>Joly MacFie <span title="Call with Google Voice"><span id="gc-number-29" class="" title="Call with Google Voice"><span id="gc-number-30" class="" title="Call with Google Voice">218 565 9365</span></span></span> Skype:punkcast</span><br>--------------------------------------------------------------<br>-</div></div></div>
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