<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">I hope that the project in whole could be useful - now it contains 3 volumes <div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><cite class="_Rm"><b class=""><a href="http://internethistory" class="">http://internethistory</a></b>.<b class="">asia</b>/</cite></div><div class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div class=""><i class="">Dima</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Dec 30, 2015, at 2:11 PM, Vint Cerf <<a href="mailto:vint@google.com" class="">vint@google.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class="">Dmitry, this is very helpful - I knew about some of this work but not all of it by any means. I recall there was a huge flap about 1983 when it was learned that the Russians had access to ARPANET via IIASA and the X.25 system - it was about that time that I was promoting TCP/IP over X.25 for commercial access to the nascent Internet :-)<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">thanks so much for preparing and sharing. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">vint</div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><div class="gmail_extra" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Dec 30, 2015 at 2:40 AM, Dmitry Burkov<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span dir="ltr" class=""><<a href="mailto:dburk@burkov.aha.ru" target="_blank" class="">dburk@burkov.aha.ru</a>></span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>wrote:<br class=""><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; padding-left: 1ex;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word;" class="">We did a small contribution to Asia Internet History book<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/annexinternethistory/home/1append-Russia.docx?attredirects=0&d=1" target="_blank" class="">https://sites.google.com/site/annexinternethistory/home/1append-Russia.docx?attredirects=0&d=1</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">which covered this period too..</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Dmitry Burkov<br class=""><div class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><span class=""><div class="">On Dec 30, 2015, at 3:56 AM, Vint Cerf <<a href="mailto:vint@google.com" target="_blank" class="">vint@google.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class=""></span><div class=""><span class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">who ever wrote this must not have done any homework. Internet was not turned on until Jan 1983. This sounds like simply a direct modem link to a server in Stockholm. <div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">v</div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div></span><div class="gmail_extra"><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote"><span class="">On Tue, Dec 29, 2015 at 5:24 PM, Joly MacFie<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span dir="ltr" class=""><<a href="mailto:joly@punkcast.com" target="_blank" class="">joly@punkcast.com</a>></span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>wrote:<br class=""></span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; padding-left: 1ex;"><div dir="ltr" class=""><span class=""><div class="gmail_default"><a href="https://globalvoices.org/2015/12/29/how-the-soviet-union-sent-its-first-man-to-the-internet-in-1982/" target="_blank" class="">https://globalvoices.org/2015/12/29/how-the-soviet-union-sent-its-first-man-to-the-internet-in-1982/</a><br clear="all" class=""></div><div class="gmail_default"><br class=""></div><div class="gmail_default">(excerpt)</div><div class="gmail_default"><br class=""></div><div class="gmail_default"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;" class="">The terminal used by Klyosov to join the conference was a Soviet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ES_EVM" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(18, 135, 200); text-decoration: none;" class="">ES-EVM computer</a>(designed from blueprints stolen from IBM). It was connected to the only modem supposed to officially exist in all of the USSR: an antediluvian 360 baud/s device. In comparison, this device had a capacity 22 times less than the old 56k modems that were widely used in the early 2000s: the text display rate on the 360 baud/s modem was of one letter per second.<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 1px; min-height: 1px;" class="">This precious modem was protected by a security presence so impressive that Klyosov later wrote he had not seen such since his childhood, when he lived with his parents on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(18, 135, 200); text-decoration: none;" class="">Kapustin Yar missile test polygon</a> under Stalin.</p><div style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem 1.5rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-width: 0px; float: right; max-width: 50%; width: 400px; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><img src="https://globalvoices.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/ec_1033.jpg" alt="An EVM ES-1033 computer with control panel. These were developed in the USSR in the 1970s-1980s. Image courtesy of computer-museum.ru." width="400" height="257" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; max-width: 100%; display: block; width: 341.281px;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Roboto, dejarip, verdana, sans-serif; max-width: none;" class="">An EVM ES-1033 computer with control panel. These were developed in the USSR in the 1970s-1980s. Image courtesy of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://computer-museum.ru/" target="_blank" class="">computer-museum.ru</a>.</div></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;" class="">Surrounded by many soldiers, the computer room itself was empty. So when Klyosov logged in for the first time, he was alone when these words appeared on the screen: “You are connected to the University of Stockholm server. Welcome.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;" class="">Once logged in, Klyosov was free to talk and exchange any information he wanted, without any state control. Neither the fact that the computer room was surrounded by military guards, nor the fact that Klyosov was forbidden from going abroad had any influence. We can imagine how the situation created by this single connected Soviet computer and its only user might seem paradoxical. Just remember that the Soviet Union in the early 1980s remained a heavily cloistered state, with the authorities attempting at all costs to stop the transfer to the West of any kind of “dissident” cultural products (samizdat publications among them). In such a context, Klyosov’s case was truly exceptional.</p></div></span><span class=""><font color="#888888" class=""><span class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div>--<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="">---------------------------------------------------------------<br class=""><span class="">Joly MacFie <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span title="Call with Google Voice" class=""><span title="Call with Google Voice" class=""><a href="tel:218%20565%209365" value="+12185659365" target="_blank" class="">218 565 9365</a></span></span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="">Skype:punkcast</a></span><br class="">--------------------------------------------------------------<br class="">-</div></div></div></span><img width="0" height="0" alt="Web Bug from http://MailScannerWebBug" class=""><img width="0" height="0" alt="Web Bug from http://MailScannerWebBug" class=""><font face="yw-b3b03f93acb29dde874548d979c14638352bd06e-02be17812153eee3f81297f2c0ee6afc--to" class=""></font></font></span></div><span class=""><br class="">_______<br class="">internet-history mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:internet-history@postel.org" target="_blank" class="">internet-history@postel.org</a><br class=""><a href="http://mailman.postel.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">http://mailman.postel.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history</a><br class="">Contact<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:list-owner@postel.org" target="_blank" class="">list-owner@postel.org</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>for assistance.<br class=""><br class=""></span></blockquote></div><span class=""><br class=""><br clear="all" class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div>--<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">New postal address:<div class="">Google<br class=""><div class="">1875 Explorer Street, 10th Floor</div><div class="">Reston, VA 20190</div></div></div></div></span></div><span class="">_______<br class="">internet-history mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:internet-history@postel.org" target="_blank" class="">internet-history@postel.org</a><br class=""><a href="http://mailman.postel.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history" target="_blank" class="">http://mailman.postel.org/mailman/listinfo/internet-history</a><br class="">Contact<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:list-owner@postel.org" target="_blank" class="">list-owner@postel.org</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>for assistance.<br class=""></span></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></div></blockquote></div><br class=""><br clear="all" class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div>--<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=""><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr" class="">New postal address:<div class="">Google<br class=""><div class="">1875 Explorer Street, 10th Floor</div><div class="">Reston, VA 20190</div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></body></html>