<div dir="ltr">"Accounting" is probably not quite the right term for the concept I'm trying to describe. What I'm seeking is more like a feedback mechanism for The Internet - something that makes users "feel" their increased usage so that they're aware of how much resource they're using and feel some pressure to control that usage. Some way of reflecting usage of a resource back to some "account" that is deciding how much to use. It doesn't necessarily even involve billing.<div>
<br></div><div>Per-packet billing and such schemes would provide such feedback, but I agree they would have prevented The Internet from becoming what it is today. But I keep thinking that some kind of feedback is needed, in any system, to achieve stability, and I still don't see any here.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Today, I could hang a picture on my wall. I could instead hang a large flatscreen, and feed it with high-def video from a webcam on the other side of the planet. Perhaps a view of the Serengeti. We'll put a nice tropical beach in the bathroom too. And the security cameras from the house, to a corner of the screens in the office. Or ...? Run it all 24x7. Why not? If I do it, no one will notice. If several hundred million people do it, that's another story.... it works as long as the ISPs keep the supply ahead of the demand, which may be getting difficult, or at least figuring out who pays for it.</div>
<div><br></div><div>In the early days of the Internet, we were inherently limited by the size of our pipes, and adjusted our behavior accordingly. We had "data caps" simply by the line speed. Now with pipes approaching gigabit/sec capacity, there's no reason not to use more - and "data caps" are how the industry is responding, since that's what they can do. When every house in the neighborhood has a 3/4-inch water pipe, nobody can use very much water. There's an inherent "data cap" providing feedback. But if every house instead got a 4-foot pipe?</div>
<div><br></div><div>Broadcast TV is interesting. It seems to be free and unmetered. But I think that depends on your perspective - who you think the users are. Most of us are probably consumers, watching TV, and we perceive the TV as a device for consuming entertainment, information, etc. It's all free and we can watch as much as we can stand. We think we're the users.</div>
<div><br></div><div>However, another perspective of TV is from the corporate offices of the advertisers. From their perspective, the purpose of TV is to deliver advertising. Entertainment is overhead, necessary to keep the eyeballs in front of the screen. Advertisers of course pay heavily for their usage of "free" broadcast TV. The more ads they deliver to more eyeballs, the more they pay. So broadcast media isn't really "free" at all. It's metered by the second and the users pay more for more usage. Cable TV didn't change much -- except to add an additional revenue stream from the consumers who can still watch as much as they can stand. The users of broadcast TV are the advertisers.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Of course that begs the question - who are the users of The Internet? We think it's us, sitting at our desktops/tablets/phones. But perhaps it's really the advertisers. We use the 'Net to consume what we seek, immersed in a sea of pop-ups, banner ads, and screens increasingly full of advertising content surrounding what we sought. The Internet is replacing broadcast media, but has similar characteristics - delivery of advertising (what someone else wants you to see) along with entertainment and information (what you want to see). We think we're the users of The Internet. Maybe not.</div>
<div><br></div><div>I don't know anything about the economics and mechanisms of that advertising machinery, but it seems to be very big and very effective (ask Google...). There must be some pretty powerful feedback mechanisms that reflect usage back to the users who send out all the ads. The limiting factor seems to be simply screen real estate - how much of the screen can be filled with ads versus what I asked to see, before I stop coming back for more.</div>
<div><br></div><div>In that case, if you believe that the true "users" of The Internet are the advertisers, there is already an accounting scheme in place which reflects increased usage (more ads) back to the users (advertisers pay more). The humans in front of the screens are just eyeballs.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Still, that leaves open the question of feedback to those other "users" whose decisions affect resources - e.g., why shouldn't we all put up webcam artwork everywhere, and see if someone can figure out how to overlay ads on it...?</div>
<div><br></div><div>I think we're in one of those tipping points in Internet History where this gets sorted out, or at least changes noticeably. The emergence of data caps, and the prominence of "Net Neutrality" discussions are visible symptoms. Perhaps some ISP along the way will soon refuse to carry my webcam feed, since it's not tied to some advertising account....</div>
<div><br></div><div>Sooner or later, I think we'll see the feedback mechanisms solidify (aka "accounting"). I just still wonder if this is unique to The Internet, taking 40+years to come to a head.</div><div>
<br></div><div>It would be interesting to see some kind of overview of the economics of the Internet - who pays whom for what to keep it all going. Also interesting to see how that has changed over time, starting in the 70s with DARPA/NSF/etc. This phenomena has lasted for 40+ years but it's not obvious, to me at least, why. Or if the great experimental technique of "keep the supply ahead of the demand" is about to end.</div>
<div><br></div><div>/Jack Haverty</div><div><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div></div>