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European Regional Bureau Newsletter: 6 July 2019 – 12 July 2019
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<span style="font-family:'Hind Light';color:#3a82e4">Internet Access</span>
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">Global: An overview of 5G deployment – Lessons learned and way forward</span>
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<span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The OECD’s Working Party on Communication Infrastructure and Service Policy (WPCISP) have released a new</span> <a href="https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/2f880843-en.pdf?expires=1562942545&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=E2A4C4FD6962F820B5380EA12EC18C53"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">report</span></a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> analysing the evolution of 5G deployment and the opportunities it could bring to the global telecoms market.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The analysis highlights the benefits of 5G, showing how a growing variety of communication supports such as fibre, Wi-Fi and satellite technologies are playing a role to support future 5G networks.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">These networks will, however, continue to be costly, says the report, and new regulatory challenges will include tackling power density, network densification, and network slicing.</span>                <p style="text-align:justify">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">EU: Portugal signs-up to quantum technologies partnership</span>
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<span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">On 11 July, Portugal became the ninth signatory of the European Commission’s joint</span> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=60090"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">declaration</span></a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> on quantum technology, launched in Bucharest (June 13-14 2019) during</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">the Commission’s Digital Assembly to help establish the basis for the development and deployment of quantum communication infrastructure (QCI) in the EU.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The eight other countries include Germany, Spain, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, and signal the EU’s desire to further explore the possibilities brought by</span> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/policies/quantum-technologies"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">quantum technology</span></a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">, which would allow data to be transferred in a faster and ultra-secure way.</span>                <p style="text-align:justify">
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<span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light';color:#3a82e4">Trust</span>
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">Global: Chile and the EU to cooperate on data protection</span>
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<span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The Chilean Ministers of Finance and Justice</span> <a href="http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-19-4029_en.htm"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">met</span></a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> earlier this week with the EU’s Justice Commissioner Věra Jourová to find ways to improve the cooperation between the two regions in the area of data protection and data flows.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">During the meeting, both sides acknowledged how data protection has evolved to become a crucial element of citizens trust in a data-driven economy, expressing their will to bilaterally cooperate towards that goal.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">Concrete actions include a pledge to remove barriers for information exchanges between competent authorities and the recent incorporation of Chile to the Council of Europe’s Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regards to Automatic Processing of Personal Data.</span>                <p style="text-align:justify">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">EU: “Change business model’ is the new “break up big tech”</span>
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<span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">Politico’s technology reporter Laurens Cerulus reports back from a</span> <a href="https://edpb.europa.eu/sites/edpb/files/files/file1/20190709_agenda_publicversion_en.pdf"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">board meeting</span></a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> of the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS), claiming a shift is underway in how regulators perceive the need to regulate platforms: focusing more on changing business models of behavioural advertising rather than breaking up big platforms.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">For Giovanni Buttarelli, the EU’s Data Protection Supervisor, the second year of the GDPR should be about a “move to changing the business model”, while his UK counterpart Elizabeth Denham said “we need to change the business model and fines are not going to do it.”</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">Germany’s competition regulator Andreas Mundt emphasised the need for structural remedies: “we have to impose structural remedies that make sure this behaviour is not the future”, arguing that European regulators must stop excesses and demand from platforms to limit data gathering and keep its data on specific platforms (referencing WhatsApp and Facebook’s data sharing regimes).</span>                <p style="text-align:justify">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">EU: Amazon to be investigated by the European Commission</span>
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<span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The European Commission is preparing to launch a formal investigation into Amazon’s dual role as a platform and seller, with an announcement due by August.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">In September 2018, the Commission announced it had launched a preliminary competition investigation into how Amazon uses data about merchants trading on its marketplace.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The investigation is expected to look into Amazon’s role as both a competitor and host to third-party merchants which sell goods on Amazon’s websites.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">In an unrelated case, the European Court of Justice (ECJ)</span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2019-07/cp190089en.pdf"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">ruled</span></a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> earlier this week that e-commerce platforms such as Amazon are not obliged in all cases to make their telephone number available to customers before the conclusion of their contact.</span>                <p style="text-align:justify">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">EU: New cybersecurity consultation launched on Europe’s ICT industrial policy</span>
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<span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The EU Cybersecurity Agency, ENISA, launched this week a</span> <a href="https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/enisa-news/enisa-puts-out-eu-ict-industrial-policy-paper-for-consultation"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">consultation paper</span></a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> on ‘EU ICT Industrial Policy: Breaking the Cycle of Failure’.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The paper tackles issues such as digital sovereignty and risks to Europe’s supply chain of cybersecurity products in Europe, while providing an overview of the relationship between the global ICT and cybersecurity markets.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">ENISA is seeking the views of citizens, private and public stakeholders on how the EU market may be understood and improved. The deadline to respond is the 31 August 2019.</span>                <p style="text-align:justify">
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<span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">EU: Regulating the Internet - policy-makers struggle to balance freedom with risk, says expert</span>
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<span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The Financial Times published this week an opinion</span> <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/e49c39e6-967d-11e9-8cfb-30c211dcd229"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">piece</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> entitled “the Internet: Regulators struggle to balance freedom with risk”.</span> <span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The article by Law Professor Frederick Mostert (King’s College, London) highlights the need</span>                <a name="_GoBack">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">for a global set of rules to help regulate the Internet, echoing calls by Sir Tim Berners-Lee for a “Magna Carter for the web” to respect users’ rights to privacy and data protection but also to preserve the accessibility and openness of the web.</span> <span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">Mostert argues global guidance is needed to focus on uniform digital tools and administrative measures inclusive of due process, a type of “ius gentium (law of nations), natural law, in the form of a universal body of customary rules common to all humankind must be developed for cyber space”.</span>                <p style="text-align:justify">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">EU: Digital taxes in UK and France make leap forward</span>
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<span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">This week, France and the UK introduced measures to tax digital services (3% and 2% respectively), both said these are temporary until work at OECD level concludes, with discussions planned for G7 meeting in Chantilly next week.</span> <span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">As a consequence of the French initiative, the United States government triggered on July 10</span><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light';vertical-align:super">th</span><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> a “Section 301” investigation into the proposed digital services tax. This procedure gives legal authority to the Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR) led by Robert Lighthizer to impose trade sanctions on economies it deems to be implementing unfair trade practices.</span> <span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">Faced with the repeated failure of passing new corporate taxes at EU-level, including the Common Corporate Tax Base, Financial Transactions Tax and now the Digital Services Tax, the Commission</span> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/sites/taxation/files/15_01_2019_communication_towards_a_more_efficient_democratic_decision_making_eu_tax_policy_en.pdf$"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">proposed</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> back in January 2019 to simplify rules on tax policy-making, setting out an approach to relax the voting rules on tax legislation to Qualified Majority Voting in the Council by 2025 (instead of unanimity).</span>                <p style="text-align:justify">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">UK: Facial recognition technology under scrutiny</span>
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<span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The UK’s Information Commissioner Elizabeth Denham</span> <a href="https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/news-and-events/news-and-blogs/2019/07/blog-live-facial-recognition-technology-data-protection-law-applies/"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">raised</span></a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> serious concerns earlier this week about facial recognition technology currently being tested by the South Wales and Metropolitan Police.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The criticisms brought by the Commissioner pick up on a</span> <a href="https://www.engadget.com/2019/07/04/uk-met-facial-recognition-failure-rate/?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAALB7BM2nVhT_YCnVl6X6E0-JGdOLkAK17GxcCqEi184E87OX0SOJZ9vVAMFG9XCFCi4uu3H8s1EdQ_sj_aNvuakdqVDPoabHsrHeHkaXCqPETkcaGBDWLiu5xe7XC8C2fsLO_Bzz36plGCuKwwvszp5zbOSlQ3sBoy4_hbgc2-B"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">study</span></a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> by the University of Essex and commissioned by Scotland Yard that finds that such technology has an estimated 81% error rate – a claim that the police strenuously  reject.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">In her blog post, Denham claims that there needs to be “demonstrable evidence” that this technology is necessary, and states that “these (police) trials represent a widespread processing of biometric data of people […[ And that is a potential threat to privacy that should concern us all”.</span>                <p style="text-align:justify">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">France: National Assembly passes hate speech law</span>
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<span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">On Tuesday, French MPs formally voted to adopt Laetitia Avia’s law on online hate speech (434 to 33 votes), a law intending to mandate platforms to remove content deemed “hateful” within 24 hours.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The original text was heavily amended, with amendments broadening the scope to include posts denying crimes against humanity. The amendments now ensure that illegal content deleted by platforms can be archived for one year for research or prosecution purposes. MPs also approved the creation of a special prosecutor for hate speech online, clarified the notification procedure, and agreed on more protections for minors.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">The law will now pass to the Senate to complete its first reading.</span>                <p style="text-align:justify">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">France: Competition authority releases annual report</span>
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<span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">According to the latest</span> <a href="http://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/user/standard.php?id_rub=11&lang=fr&utm_source"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">report</span></a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'"> of France’s</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">Autorité de la concurrence</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">, Emmanuel Macron’s government must aim towards a “coordinated regulation at EU level of online platforms”.</span> <span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Hind Light'">Audio-visual is high on the agenda, with the authority calling for an upgrade of rules in terms of production and advertising for large tech companies like Netflix and Google.</span>                <p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:18.000000pt">
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