<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Dear Friends:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">I hope this account may contribute to shed some light on the issue, especially the background of the problem.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">1. Spain is a full democracy. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">In a 1-9 scale on The Economist Democracy index, it scores 8: that ranks Spain together with the UK or Germany and higher than France, Italy, the US or Japan. <a href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2017/01/daily-chart-20" target="_blank">https://www.economist.com/blog<wbr>s/graphicdetail/2017/01/daily-<wbr>chart-20</a></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Its courts are independent and its press is among the freest in the world.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">2. Catalonia (pop. 7.500.000) is an autonomous region within Spain, that is to say it exercises political powers pretty much the sort of a Canadian province or a German Land. For a quick glance, <a href="http://www.gencat.cat" target="_blank">www.gencat.cat</a></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Amongst this array of powers are to be noted the most important levers of today´s welfare, including health and education.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Catalonia (only the Basque country as well) is also fully responsible for security within its borders: a 17.000-manned police force is in charge of this. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Catalonia elects a Parliament every four years. Its President is designated by this Parliament. Its President in turn appoints the government.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Catalonia is a very prosperous region, it accounts for 20% of the Spanish GDP.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">3. In 2006, both Catalonia and the Spanish Parliament passed a thorough revision of the Catalan regional constitution. Four years later in 2010, the Constitutional Court validated most of the text, although it also struck down some of its most controversial features, notably those leading to placing Catalonia on an equal foot with Spain as a whole.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">4. Shortly after, the nationalist forces in Catalonia began to strive for a referendum as the only way out of their aspirations for more political power, let alone full independence. According to reliable polls, around 80% of the Catalan people support their right to decide upon their own future, irrespective of the rest of Spain; this percentage goes down to around 15% among the rest of Spaniards, aprox. 80% contending that the whole of the country and not only Catalans should decide upon this. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">A popular "consultation" was promoted by the Catalan government in the Fall of 2014 (the word "referendum" was deliberately avoided for the reason explained below). The government in Madrid considered this illegal, for according to the Constitution only the Spanish Parliament is entitled to call a referendum. In an injunction the Constitutional Court held the legal framework for the consultation inapplicable. Yet the Spanish government allowed the vote to actually take place. Votes for independence were 80,76. Turn out was 37,02%. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">As a result of the use of public resources, the President of the Catalan government at the time and several cabinet members were prosecuted in court (also by the Spanish Parliament-dependent equivalent of the Accounting Office) under several allegations, including misappropriation of government funds.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">5. In the regional elections of September 2015, the nationalist parties joined forces under the slogan "Together for Yes", with a view to turn the election into the referendum Catalonia had not been allowed to carry out. These parties obtained 62 seats in Parliament; the other pro-Independence party (CUP) obtained 10: 4 seats above the absolute majority (68). However the popular vote obtained by all of them accounted for 47,8% of the popular vote. 52,2% of the voters did not support them. Turn out was very high as compared to other previous elections: 77,3%.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">6. With support from CUP, the "Together for Yes" parties designated the current President and cabinet of Catalonia. The core of their political agenda was a new referendum for independence. Outright independence has been openly envisaged by the President and his cabinet since in power, should the referendum be won. Catalan government resources and efforts have eversince been devoted to preparations for independence. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">The two critical pieces of legislation paving the way for this process are the one calling the referendum and the one providing for transition measures once independence should be declared.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Both were passed in application of a previous revision of the Parliament´s rules of procedure that had been found inapplicable by the Constitutional Court. This revision made it possible for these two bills to be passed in a single seating and hence in one day and after granting the opposition parties a two-hour term to amend them. Texts had been kept away from public scrutiny until that very day. This was done against the views of the two Clerks of the Catalan Parliament, who warned of potential criminal consequences. The opposition parties requested their right to have the Regional Constitutional Court issue an opinion on these laws. The Regional Constitutional Court published a statement that very day whereby they declared that such an opinion was compulsory according to the Regional Constitution. The Regional Constitutional Court ended up not being consulted. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">All the opposition parties (52 seats) except for Catalunya Sí que es Pot (11 seats) left the room before the vote took place. The reforms were passed with the votes from the pro-independence parties, namely "Together for Yes" and CUP. Catalunya Sí que es Pot voted against.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large"><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">One of said laws proclaims the sovereignty of the Catalan people and as a result its right of selfdetermination and of secession from the rest of Spain. According to the Spanish Constitution, sovereignty lies with the Spanish people as a whole. </div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large"><font style="background-color:rgb(249,249,249)">The UN restricts the scope of the right of selfdetermination to former colonies. </font>Two Constitutions in the world enshrine the right of selfdetermination of a region within their own territory: Ethiopia´s and <font style="background-color:rgb(249,249,249)">Saint Kitts and Nevis´ (in the Caribbean). </font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">The other law establishes the main rules for the referendum among the Catalan people: no reinforced majority needed, no minimum turnout needed for independence to be declared. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">7. Again the Spanish government challenged these legislative measures before the Constitutional Court, with support from the main opposition party in Spain (PSOE) and the fourth biggest (main oppositon force in Catalonia itself, Ciudadanos). The third national force instead (Podemos) supports the referendum. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">One further step: the Attorney General pressed charges before the relevant criminal courts against the high-ranking officers, other officials and other citizens allegedly involved directly in the referendum´s organization. These courts have ordered arrests as a result of these actions. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Police forces following court orders in this context include the Catalan autonomus Police.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">8. Other measures ordered by the courts include banning access to certain websites displaying contents related to the referendum´s organization. As you know, our colleagues from ISOC.Cat contend that such ban breaches free speech rights; also that some of those websites are not directly involved in the referendum´s organization itself.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">I refer to the Statement having been made public by ISOC-Spain´s Board as to the lawfulness of requesting from ISPs the banning of certain websites inasmuch as their contents maybe illegal as determined by courts, the banning itself being requested by Police forces following court orders. Though I must point out this lawfulness has already been confirmed by the Court of Justice of the EU since 2014 (UPC Telekabel Wien, C-314/12), as long as proportionality is respected. For the sake of comparison: also for instance by the Canadian Supreme Court in their ruling from last June 20, compelling Google to deindex search results linking to illegal contents (not only from Canadian extensions, but across the world). </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">I also refer to what ISOC-Spain´s Board recently declared as to the main contention of ISOC-EU´s statement, namely the allegedly indiscriminate banning of .CAT websites as requested by Police forces following court orders.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">9. If you have been uncautious enough as to have read this far, you will easily understand why ISOC should in my view have consulted the other Chapters within Spain before exclusively relying on the views of our colleagues from ISOC-CAT, absolutely legitimate on the other hand.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">10. This is why I hope this unfortunate event will be of use to all of us in ISOC in the future. For better or worse, the Internet is already just too important to remain isolated from the rest of the world. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Civil rights will only be rights in today´s world if they can also be upheld online. Correspondingly, no laws can simply aspire to be minimally respected if they cannot be enforced on the Internet as well. Also laws entailing civil rights themselves.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">The rights of those in favor of the referendum and of those against. If it is of any use, some of the organizations for independence are encouraging citizens to make up lists containing names of persons against independence in their surroundings who consequently do not intend to vote. Also dozens of public schools have taken kids out of regular classes and sent them to pro-independence demonstrations or had them distribute pro-independence propaganda on the streets.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">I leave judgment and opinions to yourselves. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">And I sincerely apologise to those of you who may find this account as a source of politicization of our organization: I am the first one to regret having found myself in a position to deem it as a duty sharing this information with all of you. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Best wishes. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">--</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Pablo García Mexía, J.D., Ph.D.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">Board Member</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large">ISOC-Spain</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large"> </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large"> <br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:large"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Sep 27, 2017 at 10:29 PM, Evan Leibovitch <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:evan@telly.org" target="_blank">evan@telly.org</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid"><div dir="ltr"><div style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><i>Disclaimer; I am a white male Canadian with no family or business affairs in Catalonia or the rest of Spain. I have experienced first-hand separation referenda in my own country but make no comment on the merits of Catalonian independence or even the right to separate. If these characteristics cause one to discount my opinion, that is your prerogative. I speak for nobody but myself.</i><br></div><div style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Personally I see this as two very distinct issues being mixed together with awful results.</div><div style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ul><li>The legality of this (or any) referendum vote and the obligation of any public body to recognize its results<br><br></li><li>The rights of the population of Catalonia to express an opinion whether or not it wishes to separate</li></ul>Spanish courts have ruled that the vote is not part of a legal separation process. I have no opinion on that but accept its judgment. Fine, this means that the vote being proposed is not authoritative or binding on any government and legally can be nothing more than a (very comprehensive and expensive) advisory survey.<br></div><div style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">What I can neither understand nor accept as legitimate is the so-called illegality of even holding this non-binding advisory survey. Declaring the mere collection of opinion to be illegal crosses the line very clearly from structure and constitution to the right of people to express themselves.The vote is not one to express hate, racism or violence and as such should be protected as a form of free speech. The mere expression of dissatisfaction with constitutional structure should not be a criminal act, to make it so is an artifact of repressive regimes.</div><div style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Furthermore -- and this is the relevance to ISOC -- state action against websites and puntCAT represents a politically-justified assault on peoples' ability to express opinions on where and how to even arrange this non-binding advisory survey. The need for the Spanish government to silence the mere operation of the survey indicates -- to this distant and dispassionate observer -- extreme fear of the result, not the reaction of a democratic society.</div><div style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Just my opinions. I welcome facts and alternative views and remain open to change my mind.</div><span class="gmail-m_-8533748525702896479gmail-m_-7138867738403584948gmail-m_-8747665042169797451gmail-HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><div class="gmail_extra"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail-m_-8533748525702896479gmail-m_-7138867738403584948gmail-m_-8747665042169797451gmail-m_7042320422098197409gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align:left">Evan Leibovitch</div><div style="text-align:left">Toronto, Canada</div></div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 40px;padding:0px;border:medium"><div style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align:left">Em: evan at telly dot org</div></div><div style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align:left">Sk: evanleibovitch</div></div><div style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align:left">Tw: el56</div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div>
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