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Dear colleagues, the article seems quite relevant. <br><br>
I will do my best to come with some written paper on the WGIG
questionnaire, but my primary work is related to contribution after the
WGIG report is published. In the meantime, I think that Elliot Noss has
done a good job in describing what ICANN is and what's this battle all
about.<br><br>
best,<br>
veni <br><br>
<a href="http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9588_22-5730589.html" eudora="autourl">
http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9588_22-5730589.html<br><br>
</a>A battle for the soul of the Internet<br>
By Elliot Noss, Special to ZDNet<br>
Published on ZDNet News: June 3, 2005, 5:19 AM PT<br><br>
<br>
<b>With little fanfare, there is a battle going on for the soul of the
Internet. The United Nations and the
<a href="http://www.itu.int/home/">ITU</a> (International Communications
Union) are trying to wrest control of domain names, the DNS and IP
addresses from <a href="http://www.icann.org/">ICANN</a> (Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers). This battle manifests itself
through the U.N.-created <a href="http://www.itu.int/wsis/">World Summit
on Information Society</a> (WSIS) and the ITU-lead
<a href="http://www.wgig.org/">Working Group on Internet Governance</a>
(WGIG).<br><br>
</b>While the Internet is essentially a series of protocols adhered to by
common consent, it relies on a single authoritative root at its core.
This is what assures Internet users who type "zdnet.com" into
their browsers that they end up where they thought they should. Anything
but uniqueness with this vital resource would result in collision and
confusion. The same is true for e-mail. Unless senders are certain that
there is only one unique identifier for a recipient, they cannot use
e-mail with confidence.<br><br>
Both the U.N. and the ITU have their reasons for trying to wrest control
of these vital resources from ICANN. For the U.N., ICANN represents a
body that transcends the nation-state structure, and could become a model
for similar efforts covering subject matter most appropriately dealt with
at a global level. For the ITU, gaining control of core Internet
resources represents an opportunity to put the Internet-genie back in the
bottle and gain a greater measure of relevance in the IP networking
world. The ITU doesn't see itself as merely an overseer of the old
circuit-switched networks, which it presides over today, but as the
overseer of all networks, including the Internet. <br><br>
While ICANN has its flaws, it also possesses important, unique
characteristics. Two are worthy of special note. First, ICANN's form of
governance explicitly includes policy, technical, business and user
interests under one roof. Each interest group has a formal role and voice
in both policy-making and governance. Each has a stake in the
proceedings, and each is an important part of the system. (Yes, users'
voices need be heard more, and as an active participant in the ICANN
process and member of the 2005 ICANN Nominating Committee I will continue
to work toward that goal). Having these combined interests explicitly
inside the process avoids some of the perversions that we have seen in
other forms of governance, campaign finance being perhaps the starkest
example.<br><br>
Second, ICANN is a truly global organization. It is global in the sense
that individuals involved represent one of the above-mentioned interests,
but not national governments. This is an important concept in that the
Internet is truly a global resource, but it is this unique element that
creates the greatest challenge. We have no model for managing a global
resource of this nature. There are numerous models for managing
international resources, resources being managed between nations, but
that is not what the Internet is. In this regard, ICANN mirrors the
Internet in that it works by "rough consensus." The checks and
balances are systemic. This is what has allowed the price of domain names
to drop by 50- to 75 percent over the last five years while service
levels have increased dramatically. This is what has allowed the
<a href="http://www.icann.org/udrp/udrp.htm">Uniform Dispute Resolution
Process</a> (UDRP) to eliminate cybersquatting of trademarks.<br><br>
The U.N.'s WSIS contains 40 delegates, including members from Cuba,
China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Zimbabwe, Tunisia, Pakistan, Syria, Russia and
Egypt. If the U.N. controlled domain names and IP addresses, the ability
of countries to censor the Internet would be greatly enhanced, as well as
the ability to tax or impose other regulatory burdens on these resources
in order to fund unrelated projects of any kind. <br><br>
In fact, if the U.N. and the ITU were successful, it is not difficult to
envision a Balkanization of the Internet as whole portions of the
Internet decide they did not want to rely on the U.N. and the ITU for
their single authoritative root. If that Balkanization were to take
place, the damage to the global economy would be incalculable. <br><br>
In addition, these Internet governance positions would not be plum U.N.
postings. We could expect to see the likes of Internet pioneer Vint Cerf
replaced by some dictator's wife's third cousin.<br><br>
The U.N./ITU put forward two main arguments for replacing ICANN. They
claim that it's necessary to wrest control of the Internet from the
United States and that ICANN is a private organization that is beholden
to no one and that represents no one.<br><br>
To be clear, ICANN is a not-for-profit California corporation that
nominally reports to the US Department of Commerce and operates under a
memorandum of understanding with the agency that is reviewed and renewed
in six-month intervals.<br><br>
Despite this, ICANN is not American--it is global. There are three
Americans on a 15-person board of directors. There are six Americans on
the 22-person generic names-supporting organization (GNSO) council, the
main policy-making body. Two Americans are on the 10-person at-large
advisory council (ALAC). There has not been a meeting in the US since
November 2001, and the earliest possibility of a US meeting is in June
2007, a 17-meeting gap (the last North American meeting was in Montreal
in June 2003, and the next is in Vancouver in December).<br><br>
As for it being representative, ICANN has always had one prerequisite for
involvement--a willingness to take the time and effort to participate.
There is active representation from Internet communities from around the
world. The level of participation, the quality of participation and the
output of the process have steadily improved over ICANN's history.
Neither the U.N. nor the ITU can make any of these claims. Participation
in their processes require a position in or through a national government
or a Telco monopoly, neither of which are known for their deep
appreciation and understanding of the Internet.<br><br>
There is no doubt that both the U.N. and the ITU are much more adept at
politics than either ICANN staff or the vast majority of participants in
the ICANN process. That makes the threat here all the more real.
<br><br>
It is important to remember that we all rely on the rich ecosystem that
is the free Internet. We are all beneficiaries of the innovation it
spawns, the information it provides and the interaction it supports. We
cannot take this for granted.<br><br>
Companies that rely on a free Internet--and there are few technology
companies that don't--need to become active in the ICANN process through
the <a href="http://gnso.icann.org/commercial-and-business/">Business or
ISP Constituencies</a>; other institutions and not-for-profits through
the <a href="http://gnso.icann.org/non-commercial/">non-commercial
constituency</a>. Companies, institutions and individuals from around the
world who have access to their governments' decision makers need to let
them know that the Internet needs to stay free and that supporting ICANN
supports that principle. Individuals who care about the future of the
Internet and believe they can contribute to creating a better ICANN and
preserving a freer Internet should think about the ICANN nominating
committee's call for
<a href="http://www.icann.org/announcements/announcement-29apr05.htm">
Statements of Interest</a>, which seeks qualified candidates to help the
organization move forward. <br><br>
The Internet has contributed more to freedom, education and innovation
than any other advance of the last number of decades. It deserves to be
protected from the people and the institutions that do not share an
appreciation for preserving the values upon which the Internet was
founded.<br><br>
<i>Elliot Noss is president and CEO of
<a href="http://resellers.tucows.com/about/">Tucows</a>, an Internet
services company that provides back office solutions and wholesale
Internet services to a global network of more than 6,000 service
providers. Tucows is a domain name registrar and both participates in the
ICANN process and benefits from it. Noss is a member of the 2005 ICANN
Nominating Committee.<br>
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